• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Burner arrangement (100), which includes a counter-roll mill (1) having a rotor device (2), comprising a rotor and a stator or two rotors (3a, 3b), with mutually inwardly extending wing peripheries (4a, 4b). The counter-mill (1) further comprises a feed channel (8) for material to be incinerated, which is adapted to receive material to be combusted on the inner periphery (9) of the rotor device, and an outlet channel (10) communicating with the outer periphery of the rotor device (11) and arranged to receive material to be burned as passed through the rotor device (2). The burner arrangement (100) further comprises ignition means (12) which are adapted to ignite the material blown out by the rotor device (2) which is to be combusted immediately when it is removed from the counter-mill (1).
    公开号:FI20175901A1
    申请号:FI20175901
    申请日:2017-10-12
    公开日:2019-04-13
    发明作者:Hannu Virtanen；Arto Ahlberg；Teemu Virtanen；Carl-Olof Palm
    申请人:Fractivator Oy；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The burner arrangement
    Background
    The invention relates to a burner arrangement.
    Solutions for solid fuel combustion are known in which solid fuel is comminuted before actual combustion. Refined fuel, often containing dusty components, easily ignites explosively. In order to avoid uncontrolled and dangerous explosions, a number of safety devices, such as shut-off feeders, spark detectors, explosion relief membranes, etc., are typically fitted between the fuel shredding means and the combustion chamber.
    The problem with known solutions is that they are complicated and expensive.
    Short description
    The burner arrangement according to the invention is characterized by what is disclosed in the characterizing part of the independent claim. Other embodiments of the invention are characterized by what is set forth in the other claims.
    Inventive embodiments are also disclosed in the specification and drawings of this application. The inventive content contained in the application may also be defined otherwise than as set forth in the claims below. The inventive content may also consist of several separate inventions, especially if the invention is considered in the light of the express or implied subtasks or in terms of the benefits or classes of benefits achieved. Thus, some of the attributes contained in the claims below may be redundant for individual inventive ideas. Aspects of various embodiments of the invention may be applied in conjunction with other embodiments within the scope of the inventive concept.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    The invention will now be explained in more detail in the accompanying drawings, in which Figs. Fig. 4 schematically shows a third top view of a third burner assembly, partly in section, and Fig. 5 schematically shows a fourth burner arrangement. In the figures, the invention is illustrated in simplified form. Like parts are denoted by like reference numerals in the figures.
    Detailed description
    1a and Ib schematically show a burner arrangement.
    The burner assembly 100 comprises a counter mill 1, which may be, for example, a device marketed under the brand Atrex®. In the counter-mill, the rotor device 2 comprises two rotor disks, i.e. rotors 3a, 3b, having intervening vanes 4a, 4b formed of blades 5, each of which is fixed to the upper rotor 3a and the other to the lower rotor 3b. The details of the rotors are shown in Figure 3a.
    The rotors 3a, 3b are rotated in different directions or in the same direction at different speeds. The blades 4a, 4b do not touch each other or the opposite rotor. A rotor housing 6 is arranged around the rotors, which forms a rotor space 7.
    In one embodiment, the rotors 3a, 3b are rotated by a single motor 16 whose rotational motion is distributed by a gearbox to the rotors. In another embodiment, each rotor has its own motor, the speed of which, and thus the rotation speed of the rotors, can be advantageously controlled independently. Because of its adjustability, the latter embodiment may be particularly advantageous in applications where the content or other properties of the material to be burned may vary substantially, or, for example, in research and development in the search for operating parameters of the device. The motor itself can be any motor, but most preferably an electric motor.
    In one embodiment of the reciprocating mill, the second rotor is replaced by a stator, i.e., non-rotating blades.
    By adjusting the rotation speed of the rotor or rotors, the combustion event can be partially controlled.
    The rotor housing 6 comprises a feed duct 8 arranged to receive the material to be burned and guide it to the inner periphery 9 of the rotor device. In the embodiments shown in the figures, the feed duct 8 is a funnel, but may also have a different shape. In addition to the material to be burned, the oxygen-containing gas or gas mixture required for the combustion operation can be fed through the feed duct 8 to the rotor space 7. Typically, the gas mixture is air or air and a mixture of additional gas such as oxygen. For purposes of clarity, hereinafter, unless otherwise noted, the term "air" shall be used in the present specification.
    The rotor housing 6 further comprises an outlet duct 10 which communicates with the outer periphery 11 of the rotor device and is adapted to receive combustible material that has passed the rotor device.
    In the embodiment shown in Figures 1a, Ib, the outlet duct 10 is oriented to depart radially from the rotor space 7 of the rotors 3a, 3b. In one embodiment, the flow cross-sectional area of the outlet duct 10 is reduced as farther away flow rate of the mixture, which may be advantageous when the mixture is ignited.
    In the second embodiment shown in Figure 2, the outlet duct 10 is oriented to depart from the rotor space 7 tangentially to the outer periphery 11 of the rotor device. The advantage is that the material to be burned can be blown out of the rotor space at high speed.
    The length of the exhaust duct 10 may be essential for the combustion event. According to one idea, the exhaust duct heats up in a fire event so that the heat of the exhaust duct intensifies the fire event. This phenomenon can be enhanced by lengthening the outlet channel 10.
    In one embodiment, the exhaust duct 10, or at least a portion thereof, is provided with a heating element by means of which the exhaust duct can be heated to enhance the combustion event.
    The bottom, sheath, and / or cover of the rotor housing 6, as well as the transmission of the reciprocating mill, may be provided with a cooling device 17 which prevents overheating of the arrangement. In one embodiment, the cooling device 17 is coupled to a preheating burner assembly 100 for supply of combustible material, air and / or additive and / or auxiliary material.
    The burner assembly 100 further comprises ignition means 12 arranged to ignite the combustible material blown out of the rotor device 2 as it exits the counter mill 1.
    In one embodiment, the ignition means 12 is disposed in the outlet duct 10 of the counter-mill. The advantage is that the comminuted material is combusted immediately upon comminution as it exits the rotor space 7. According to one idea, the combustible material at this stage comprises
    In another embodiment, the ignition means et 12 is disposed in the rotor space 7 - shown with dashed lines in Fig. 1a - to provide an ignited and / or sustained fire event between the outer blades. The advantage is that the reacting and combustion of the (possibly occurring) large particles is initiated already during their comminution step.
    However, it should be noted that the ignition means 12 may be adapted elsewhere, as will be described below.
    In one embodiment, the ignition means 12 is arranged to supply flammable gas or gas mixture to the outlet duct 10.
    In another embodiment, the ignition means 12 comprises a piezo-lighter. The advantage is that its operation can be electronically controlled by a burner arrangement control unit.
    The ignition means 12 may be arranged to ignite and maintain the burning of the material to be burned during substantially the entire combustion process. Alternatively, the ignition means 12 are adapted to ignite the material to be burned and then to switch off. In this case, the combustion does not require maintenance by means of ignition means.
    In one embodiment, the burner arrangement 100 comprises a fire control arrangement 18. The fire control arrangement 18 comprises one or more sensors by means of which it monitors a fire event. For example, the sensor (s) may be fitted to the outlet duct 10, to the junction of the outlet duct 10 and the rotor space 7, and / or to a portion of the burner arrangement after the outlet duct 10. The fire monitoring arrangement 18 may be adapted to provide an alarm if it detects anything abnormal. For example, the sensor may monitor one or more gas component concentrations, temperatures and / or pressures. In one embodiment, the fire control arrangement 18 is arranged to operate the ignition means 12 in the event of a fire extinction or failure.
    According to one idea, the fire control arrangement 18 further comprises means for interrupting the operation of the burner arrangement 100. This will minimize the potential risks involved in a fire event. Said means may, for example, stop feeding the combustible material and / or air to the counter mill 1.
    The material to be fed to the burner assembly 100 may be, in principle, any combustible material. It may be a solid material that is sized to fit in the feed passage 8. According to one idea, the solid material is in particulate form, for example granulate, pellet, chips, chips, sticks, straw, chips, dust, etc. be liquid, or a mixture of solid and liquid material.
    The material to be burned may comprise bio-based material such as wood, peat or other plant material or animal material such as slaughter waste, and / or fossil fuels such as coal, lignite or so-called. burning rock, or petroleum fractions.
    The material to be burned may be virgin material, waste or industrial by-product, or various mixtures thereof. The combustible material may be mixed with non-combustible material. An example of this is oil and / or solvent based materials mixed with the soil. The advantage is that it can clean contaminated soil etc. and at the same time produce energy.
    According to one idea, the material to be burned comprises felled raw wood, i.e. wood that has not been allowed to dry to the normal moisture content of the wood to be burned. Unexpectedly, it has been found that burning fresh wood produces more energy than burning dry wood. According to one idea, this is because of the burning of gaseous compounds from the dried wood, which are still stored in the felled fresh wood. Another idea is that hot water vapor in a hot flame reacts with hot glowing coal in an anoxic state near the surface of the glowing carbon, producing flammable hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and from water to burning oxygen. In the burner arrangement 100 according to the invention, the gaseous compounds are released rapidly during the comminution process of the blow mill 1 and are incorporated into the combustion process itself, i.e., the amount of thermal energy from the combustible material is increased.
    According to one idea, the material to be burned comprises a liquid component, even being completely liquid. The impellers of the counter mill 1 triturate the liquid into small droplets and mix them with the gas phase to form a preferably homogeneous mixture which burns efficiently.
    In one embodiment, the first flammable combustible material is used in the ignition step of the combustion event. When the fire starts and when certain criteria are reached, for example in terms of temperature, the material to be burned is gradually or at one time replaced by another. The advantage is that the second combustible material can be supplied with a flammable material which would be incomplete combustion in a cold appliance, but which is thus effectively burned as soon as it is fed.
    The details of the technical features of the burner assembly 100 are selected according to the application and the characteristics of the material to be burned. For example, when burning wood or other material consisting of very dense, rigid fibrous structural packages up to the nanoscale, it is preferable that at least some of the blades 5 have suitably rough surfaces. Coarse surfaces tear down structural kits, releasing fine structures such as wood fibers. The rough surface can be made, for example, by the H1P technique, i. by powder metallurgy by adding to the powdered steel alloys very strong wear-resistant microgrit granules (such as silicon carbide or aloxite (aloxy, alox)) which continuously form a new sandpaper-like tread within the matrix metal.
    The volume of the counter mill 1 is minimal compared to, for example, a hammer mill. This allows the material to be burnt to pass through the mill quickly, preventing the formation of a large and difficult to control explosive mixture.
    The rotary device 2 of the counter mill comprises not only an efficient material shredding device but also a pump, and in a dual rotor embodiment a double pump blowing the mixture of shredded material and air into the outlet duct 10. Thus, separate material transfer pumps are unnecessary. The flow of material is rapid so that the combustion event cannot penetrate upstream into the rotor space 7. In some embodiments, the material and air to be burned remain in the rotor space for about one second (Is). The burner arrangement 100 avoids the use of the safety devices already mentioned, which simplifies the structure of the burner arrangement 100 and reduces its investment and maintenance costs.
    The comminuted material produced by the counter mill 1 and entering the outlet duct 10 is highly reactive and optimally mixed with air. According to one idea, the counter-mill 1 thus functions as a device having the same function as the carburettor of the positive-ignition engine. The combustion takes place in the so-called. a pre-mixed flame, which can, among other things, substantially reduce or even prevent the formation of fine particles.
    In one embodiment, all the air needed for combustion is obtained through the supply duct 8. In another embodiment, the backing mill 1 is provided with gas supply means 13 for supplying additional oxygen-containing gas to the combustible material and air introduced through the supply channel 8. Thus, for example, oxygen gas or additional air can be supplied to the air introduced through the inlet duct, for example directly into the inlet duct 8 and / or rotor space 7 and / or outlet duct 10. According to one idea, the gas supply means 13 comprises a gas injector The air may advantageously be preheated, for example by positioning the auxiliary gas conduit in the side of the hot exhaust duct 10 whereby the auxiliary gas is heated by the heat energy from the exhaust duct. By adjusting the auxiliary gas supply, the fire itself can be easily adjusted. In addition, feeding additional gas can further accelerate the flow of combustible material out of the counter mill.
    According to one idea, the counter-mill 1 may be supplied with additives and / or auxiliaries to aid in, for example, flue gas purification, combustion efficiency, or any other advance of chemical or physical reactions associated with operation and / or operation of burner assembly 100. The advantage is that the auxiliary and auxiliary agents are activated by the new and enthusiastic reactive surfaces resulting from the refining mill 1, especially the grinding. A further advantage is that the auxiliary and auxiliary materials are mixed with the material being effectively burned in the strong repetitive strikes and massages of the bump mill 1 and in the strong turbulent flows, which increases the likelihood of collisions and collisions of the components required for the reactions. Thus, the additives and excipients can be utilized efficiently and the desired reactions occur throughout the material stream.
    In one embodiment, lime or lime-containing compound is fed as an auxiliary to the counter mill 1. The lime is calcined in heat and reacts directly with the sulfur oxide produced in the combustion to form salts of calcium and sulfur. The cleaning performance is excellent due to the effective mixing mentioned above and the fresh active surfaces of the particles participating in the reaction. This will allow the flue gas desulphurisation to begin in the burner array 100. However, it should be noted that the material to be burned does not necessarily contain sulfur, and therefore desulphurisation is not necessary.
    According to one idea, the addition of lime may increase the melting point of any mineral material present in the material being burned. This prevents the mineral material from melting and sticking to the channels of the burner arrangement 100 but adhering to fly ash following the filter following the burner arrangement. This will prevent the channels from clogging.
    In one embodiment, kaolin or a kaolin-containing compound is fed as an excipient to the counter mill. This can increase the melting point of the minerals and prevent the channels from clogging as described above.
    When burning organic material, odorous fumes may be formed. In one embodiment, an additive, such as urea and water, is provided which absorbs the organic malodorous compounds of the flue gases.
    At high temperatures, nitrogen oxides (NO X ) are formed from nitrogen gas. In one embodiment, a chemical that eliminates nitrogen oxides from the flue gas, such as urea, is fed as an auxiliary to the counter mill 1.
    By supplying an aqueous excipient, a reduced nitrogen oxide content of the combustion gases can be obtained.
    According to one idea, the supply of water contributes to the aforesaid reaction in which hot water vapor reacts with hot glowing carbon in an anoxic state to produce flammable hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas.
    Additives and / or auxiliaries may be supplied by their supply means 14, for example to supply channel 8, rotor space 7 and / or outlet channel 10. It should also be noted that burner arrangement 100 may be fed with one or more additives / auxiliaries, but necessary and the burner arrangement 100 may not include feed means 14.
    Figures 3a, 3b show schematically a side and top view and a partially cut away rotor device of a counter-mill. In this embodiment, the outer impeller 4a - i.e., the impeller which is closest to the outer circumference 11 of the rotor device - comprises blades 5 which are pivoted inwardly in the direction of rotation. In one embodiment, the two outer blades comprise pivoting blades: it is even possible that all blades 5 of the outer blade are pivoted inwardly. Rotated Inward Rotation "means that the outer edge of the wing or surface of the blade that passes forward and strikes or encounters material from the inner periphery of the rotor device rotates farther than the inner edge of said Tahko or surface. The advantage is that the material to be burned has a slower flow through the mass flow, which can enhance the comminution and mixing of the material with the gas phase.
    In the embodiment shown in the figure, the rotor device 2 comprises 6 pieces of blades, one of which is attached to the upper 3a and the other to the lower rotor 3b. The advantage is that the material to be burned can be very finely comminuted and mixed with the air needed in the combustion process. It should be noted, however, that the number of wing rings 4a, 4b may be less than or greater than 6.
    Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a third burner arrangement in top and partly in section. Here, the outlet duct 10 is shaped to expand its flow cross-section as it moves away from the rotor device 2. The advantage is that the flare-like start of the combustion process, in which the combustion mixture expands significantly, provides a large and large space, allowing the conditions for complete combustion to be obtained. Such a solution is, in some applications, the most advantageous embodiment of the outlet channel 10. In other aspects, the burner arrangement shown in Figure 4 may be similar to that described above. Thus, additional air supply ducts 13, ignition means 12, rotating inwardly rotating blades, etc. can be arranged. Further, the outlet duct 10 can be arranged not only radially but also tangentially to the rotor space 7.
    In a third embodiment, the outlet duct 10 is at least substantially constant throughout its length, that is, at least not substantially expanding or narrowing as it moves away from the rotor space.
    Fig. 5 schematically shows a fourth burner arrangement in a side and partially sectional view. Here, the outlet duct 10 is connected to the boiler 15 and the material to be burned is arranged to heat and heat the thermal surfaces of the boiler 15 and the heat transfer medium flowing through them in the boiler. In other words, the freshly comminuted and thus most reactive combustible material is fed directly to the boiler for recovery. The material to be burned can be ignited before being fed to boiler 15, or only in the boiler. It is essential that the combustible material is fed into the boiler immediately after crushing without intermediate storage. This results in a highly efficient combustion event in which substantially all of the combustible portion of the material to be burned is combusted, thereby releasing its thermal energy to the boiler surfaces and further to the heat transfer medium.
    In one embodiment, the outlet duct 10 is coupled to the boiler 15 so that it extends at least substantially toward the center of the boiler 15. The advantage is that the duct penetrates the boiler wall at least substantially perpendicularly, whereby the length of the outlet duct can be minimized. The wall is typically quite thick with insulation and refractory structures.
    In another embodiment, the outlet duct 10 is tangentially coupled to the boiler 15 so that it extends substantially aside from the center of the boiler 15. The advantage is that a favorable circulation for the combustion event can be obtained in the boiler.
    Alternatively, the ignition means 12 may be arranged in the boiler 15. It is still possible for the ignition means to be arranged in several places 100, some in the boiler 15.
    More than one burner arrangement 100 may be connected to the same boiler 15.
    In one embodiment, the boiler 15 is a power boiler, for example a fluidized bed boiler such as a fluidized bed boiler (BFB) or a circulating fluidized bed boiler (CBF). In another embodiment, the boiler 15 is a grate boiler. The conventional fuel supply of a power boiler is partially or completely replaced by a burner arrangement 100 according to the invention. More than one burner arrangement 100 can be connected to the same power boiler.
    In some cases, the features set forth in this application may be used as such, despite other features. On the other hand, the features disclosed in this application may be combined, if necessary, to form various combinations.
    In summary, the burner arrangement according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a reciprocating mill having a rotor device comprising one rotor and one stator or two rotors having reciprocating vanes, the reciprocating mill further comprising: arranged to receive combustible material on the inner periphery of the rotor device;
    The drawings and the description related thereto are only intended to illustrate the idea of the invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, in which the invention is illustrated by some examples, but many modifications and various embodiments of the invention are possible within the inventive concept defined in the claims below.
    20175901 prh 12-10-2017
    The reference numbers
    I will be back in the mill
    2 rotor unit
    3a, 3b rotor
    4a, 4b impeller wing rotor housing
    7 Rotary Grille Supply Duct Rotor Unit Inner Perimeter Duct
    II Outer Perimeter of Rotor Unit
    12 ignition means gas supply means additive and / or auxiliary supply means boiler motor
    17 refrigerator fire control system
    100 burner arrangement
    20175901 prh 12-10-2017
    权利要求:
    Claims (21)
    [1]
    The claims
    A burner assembly (100), characterized in that it comprises: a counter-rotary mill (1) having a rotor device (2) comprising one rotor and one stator or two rotors (3a, 3b) having interpenetrating blades (4a). , 4b), which further comprises a counter-mill (1)
    - a combustible material supply channel (8) arranged to receive the combustible material on the inner periphery (9) of the rotor device, and
    an outlet duct (10) communicating with the outer periphery (11) of the rotor device and adapted to receive combustible material that has passed through the rotor device (2), the burner assembly (100) further comprising
    - ignition means (12) arranged to ignite the combustible material blown out of the rotor device (2) immediately upon leaving the counter mill (1).
    [2]
    A burner assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor device (2) comprises at least 6 blades (4a, 4b).
    [3]
    A burner assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least the outer blade rim (4a, 4b) comprises blades (5) which are turned inward in the direction of rotation.
    [4]
    A burner assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least two outer blades (4a, 4b) comprise blades (5) which are turned inwards in the direction of rotation.
    [5]
    A burner arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet duct (10) is directed to depart from the rotor space (7) tangentially to the outermost wing (4a, 4b).
    [6]
    Burner arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the outlet channel (10) is oriented to radially depart from the rotor space (7) of the rotors (3a, 3b).
    [7]
    Burner arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet (10) is expandable.
    20175901 prh 12-10-2017
    [8]
    Burner arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the outlet (10) is tapered.
    5
    [9]
    A burner assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ignition means (12) are arranged in the outlet channel (10) of the counter mill.
    [10]
    Burner assembly according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the ignition means (12) are arranged in a rotor space (7).
    [11]
    A burner arrangement according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the ignition means (12) are arranged to ignite and maintain the combustion of the material to be burned for substantially the entire combustion event.
    [12]
    A burner assembly according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the ignition means (12) are arranged to ignite the material to be burned and then to switch off.
    20
    [13]
    A burner arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet (10) is connected to the boiler (15) so that the material to be burned is arranged to be ignited in the combustion process of the boiler (15).
    [14]
    A burner assembly according to claim 13, characterized
    25, wherein the boiler (15) is a fluidized bed boiler, such as a fluidized bed boiler (BFB) or a circulating fluidized bed boiler (CBF), or a grate boiler.
    [15]
    A burner assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises gas supply means (13) connected
    30 to supply the combustion auxiliary gas to the return mill (1).
    [16]
    A burner arrangement according to claim 15, characterized in that the gas supply means (13) are connected to supply additional gas to the supply channel (8).
    [17]
    A burner assembly according to claim 15, characterized in that the gas supply means (13) are connected to supply additional gas to the rotor space (7).
    5
    [18]
    A burner assembly according to claim 15, characterized in that the gas supply means (13) are connected to supply additional gas to the exhaust duct (10).
    [19]
    A burner assembly according to any one of claims 15 to 18,
    10, characterized in that the gas supply means (13) are arranged to supply additional preheated gas.
    [20]
    A burner assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means (14) for supplying auxiliary and / or auxiliary material which:
    15 is coupled to supply auxiliary and / or auxiliary material to the burner assembly (100).
    [21]
    A burner assembly according to claim 20, characterized in that the additive and / or excipient comprises at least one of lime, urea, water, kaolin.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FI128538B|2020-07-31|
    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
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